1: Title page 2: Introduction 3: Introduction, continued 4: Introduction, continued 5: Fig. 1 - The causal relations of ontogeny, tokogeny, and phylogeny 6: Outline of inferential relations in biological systematics 7: Fig. 2 - relations between abductive inferences 8: The formal definition of 'semaphoront,' Fig. 3 9: The formal definition of 'species' 10: Species hypotheses using sexual tokogenetic theory for intrinsic properties 11: Fig. 4 - The inference of species hypotheses for sexually reproducing organisms, intrinsic properties 12: Species hypotheses using sexual tokogenetic theory for relational properties 13: Fig. 5 - The inference of species hypotheses for sexually reproducing organisms, relational properties 14: Species hypotheses using heterogenetic theory 15: Fig. 6 - The inference of species hypotheses for heterogenetically reproducing organisms 16: Species hypotheses using asexual tokogenetic theory 17: Fig. 7 - The inference of species hypotheses for asexually reproducing organisms 18: The formal definition of 'supraspecific taxon' 19: Fig. 8 - The inference of phylogenetic hypotheses for sexually reproducing organisms 20: Fig. 9 - The inference of phylogenetic hypotheses for heterogenetically reproducing organisms 21: Fig. 10 - The inference of phylogenetic hypotheses for asexually reproducing organisms 22: Some general consequences 23: Fig. 11 - The problem of temporal subjectivity in the inference of species hypotheses 24: Some consequences for 'maximum likelihood' methods in phylogenetic systematics 25: Fig. 12 - The context of 'maximum likelihood' methods is tokogenetic, not phylogenetic